The importance of microplastics pollution studies in water and soil of Nigeria ecosystems
Vol 2, Issue 03, Pages 89-96,*** Field: Environment Chemistry Analysis
Abstract
The microplastics in the environment is a novel problem to scientists, public media, governmental and non-governmental organizations. The major problem is from the difficultness of removing them from the ecosystem. Elsewhere studies are being conducted while in Nigeria studies are relatively lacking. Production (10.3 %) and consumption (6.5 %) of plastics are on the increase annually, thereby, causing an increase in the amount of plastic waste generated annually. Finally, from such studies, data generated will provide insight and understanding into the extent of microplastic pollution in Nigeria. Furthermore, the data will be important not only for both remediation and minimization of effects but could be employed in averting occurrence through policies such as ban on some types of plastic uses in Nigeria. In this study, four manually generally microplastic types (PVC, acrylics, polyesters, silicones) were evaluated for heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Hg, and As) adsorption at optimized pH by ETAAS.
References
Plastics europe, Plastics-the Facts: An analysis of European plastics production, demand and waste data, (2018). http://www.plasticseurope.org
C. E. Enyoh, A. W. Verla, E. N. Verla, Uptake of microplastics by Plant: a Reason to Worry or to be Happy, World Sci. News, 131 (2019) 256-267.
L. Van Cauwenberghe, A. Vanreusel, J. Mees, C.R. Janssen, Microplastic pollution in deep-sea sediments, Environ. Pollut., 182 (2013) 495–499.
L. Van Cauwenberghe, L. Devriese, F. Galgani, J. Robbens, C. R. Janssen, Microplastics in sediments: A review of techniques, occurrence and effects, Marine Environ, Res,, 111 (2015) 5-17.
A. W. Verla, C. E. Enyoh, E. N. Verla Microplastics, an emerging concern: A review of analytical techniques for detecting and quantifying microplatics, Anal. Method. Environ. Chem. J., 2 (2019) 15-32.
A.W. Verla, C.E. Enyoh, E.N. Verla, K.O. Nwarnorh, Microplastic toxic chemical interaction: a review study on quantified levels, mechanism and implications. Appl. Sci. (2019). Accepted manuscript
M.A. Browne, P. Crump, S.J. Niven, E. Teuten, A. Tonkin, T. Galloway, Accumulation of microplastic on shorelines worldwide: Sources and sinks, Environ. Sci. Technol, 45 (2011) 9175–9179.
C.E. Enyoh, A.W. Verla, E.N. Verla, F.C. Ibe, C.E. Amaobi, Airborne microplastics: a review study on method for analysis, occurrence, movement and risks. Environ. Monit. Assess., (2019). Accepted manuscript
M. Masó, J.M. Fortuño, S. de Juan, M. Demestre, Microfouling communities from pelagic and benthic marine matter to microplastic addition in Chinese loess soil, Chemosphere, 185 (2016) 907–917.
Y. Zhang, T. Gao, S. Kang, M. Sillanpää, Importance of atmospheric transport for microplastics deposited in remote areas, Environ. Pollut., 254 (2019) PtA.
E. Riskey, Which countries have banned plastic bags, Curr. Event., (2017) Accessed 27/09/2019. https://study.com/blog/which-countries-have-banned-plastic-bags.html
NESREA, National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency; Laws and Regulations. (2009). https://www.nesrea.gov.ng/publications-downloads/laws-regulations/
C.E. Enyoh, A.W. Verla, E.N. Verla, S.C. Ihenetu SC, Macrodebris and microplastics pollution in Nigeria: first report on abundance, distribution and composition, Inter. J. Environ. (preprint 2019). https://10.20944/preprints201908.0255.v1 )
J. Reisser, B. Slat, K. Noble, K. du Plessis, M. Epp, M. Proietti, J. de Sonneville, T. Becker, C. Pattiaratchi, The vertical distribution of buoyant plastics at sea: An observational study in the north Atlantic Gyre.” Biogeosci., 12 (2015) 1249–56.
UNEP, Marine Litter: A Global Challenge, Nairobi, (2009) 232.
J.R. Jambeck, R. Geyer, C. Wilcox, T.R. Siegler, M. Perryman, A. Andrady, R. Narayan, K.L. Law, Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean, Sci., 347 (2015) 768–771.
C. Schmidt, K. Tobias, W. Stephan, Export of plastic debris by rivers into the sea, Environ. Sci. Technol., 51 (2017) 12246–12253.
P. Jan, A. J. Löhr, F. G. A. J. Van Belleghem, A. M. J. Ragas, Wear and tear of tyres: A stealthy source of microplastics in the environment, Int. J. Environ. Res. Pub. Health 14 (2017) 1265. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14101265.
B.B. Babatunde, O.U. Arinze, Suspended marine litter in Akwa Ibom state, Nigeria: A case study of cross river, QUA Iboe river and Jaja Creek, J. Geography Environ. Earth Sci. Inter., 18 (2018) 1-13.
J. Lee, S. Hong, Y.K. Song, S.H. Hong, Y. C. Jang, Y.C., M. Jang, W.J. Shim, Relationships among the abundances of plastic debris in different size classes on beaches in South Korea. Marine Pollut. Bull., 77 (2013) 349–354.
H. Liu, X. Yang, G. Liu, C. Liang, S. Xue, H. Chen, C.J. Ritsema, V. Geissen, Response of soil dissolved organic matter to microplastic addition in Chinese loess soil, Chemosphere, 185 (2017) 907-917.
A. Lusher, P. Hollman, J. Mendoza-Hill, Microplastics in fisheries and aquaculture: status of knowledge on their occurrence and implications for aquatic organisms and food safety, FAO Fish. Aquacult. Tech. Paper, 615 (2017).
A.I. Catarino, M. Valeria, G.S. William, C.T. Richard, B.H. Theodore, low levels of microplastics (MP) in wild mussels indicate that MP ingestion by humans is minimal compared to exposure via household fibres fallout during a meal, Environ. Pollut., 237 (2018) 675-684.
C.E. Enyoh, Microplastic pollution in Nigeria: A call for concern. 26Th meeting of the Imo State chapter of the chemical society of Nigeria (CSN) held at Imo State University, Nigeria, (2019) 1-15.
E.O. Akindele, M.E. Sonja, H.E.K Jochen, First empirical study of freshwater microplastics in West Africa using gastropods from Nigeria as bioindicators, Limnologica J., 78 (2019) 125708.
E. Briggs, E.A.B. de Moura, H.A. Furusaw, M.E.B. Cotrim, E.E. Oguzie, A.B. Lugao, Microplastics: A Novel method for surface water sampling and sample extraction in elechi Creek, rivers state, Nigeria, characterization of minerals, metals and materials, the minerals, metals and materials society, (2019) 269-281.
C.E. Enyoh, A.W. Verla, We are breathing Plastic; Don’t Just Look down, Look up, Presented at the 3rd IMSU World Environment Day International Conference (2019).
A.W. Verla, E.N. Verla, M.A. Chigbo, C.L. Kelechi, O.S. Ngozi, C.E. Enyoh, Biomonitoring of heavy metals in blood and urine of African children from Owerri Metropolis, Eastern Nigeria. J. Chem. Health Risks, 9 (2019) 11-26.
D. Brennecke, B. Duarte, F. Paiva, I. Caçador, J. Clode, (2016) Microplastics as vector for heavy metal contamination from the marine environment, Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 178 (2016)189-195.
F. Fu, Q. Wang, (2011) Removal of heavy metal ions from wastewaters: A review, J. Environ. Manage., 92 (2011) 407-418.
L. A. Holmes, A. Turner, R. C. Thompson, Adsorption of trace metals to plastic resin pellets in the marine environment, Environ. Pollut., 160 (2012) 42-48.
J. Wang, J. Peng, Z. Tan, Y. Gao, Z. Zhan, Q. Chen, L. Cai, 2017): Microplastics in the surface sediments from the Beijiang River littoral zone: Composition, abundance, surface textures and interaction with heavy metals, Chemosphere 171(2017) 248-258

Copyright (c) 2019 Analytical Methods in Environmental Chemistry Journal

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
JOURNAL PUBLISHING AGREEMENT
PLEASE PROVIDE US THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION,
Article entitled:
Corresponding author:
To be published in the journal:
Your Status
I am the sole author of the manuscript
- I am an Iranian government employee.
- I am a European government employee
- I am a Asian government
- None of the above
I am one author signing on behalf of all co-authors of the manuscript
- I am an Iranian government employee.
- I am a European government employee
- I am a Asian government
- None of the above
Please tick the above blanks (as appropriate), review the Journal Publishing Agreement, and then sign and date the document in black ink.
Published Journal Article: the author may share a link to the formal publication through the relevant DOI. Additionally theses and dissertations which contain embedded Published Journal Articles as part of the formal submission may be hosted publicly by the awarding institution with a link to the formal publication through the relevant DOI. Any other sharing of Published Journal Articles is by agreement with the publisher only.
Signed: ______________________________________ Name printed: ___________________________________________
Title and Company (if employer representative): _______________________Date: __________________________________